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Johann Michael Haydn (; 14 September 173710 August 1806) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period, the younger brother of Joseph Haydn. ==Life== Michael Haydn was born in 1737 in the Austrian village of Rohrau, near the Hungarian border. His father was Mathias Haydn, a wheelwright who also served as "Marktrichter", an office akin to village mayor. Haydn's mother Maria, maiden name Koller, had previously worked as a cook in the palace of Count Harrach, the presiding aristocrat of Rohrau. Mathias was an enthusiastic folk musician, who during the journeyman period of his career had taught himself to play the harp, and he also made sure that his children learned to sing; for details see Mathias Haydn. Michael's early professional career path was paved by his older brother Joseph, whose skillful singing had landed him a position as a boy soprano in the St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna choir under the direction of Georg Reutter, as were Johann Georg Albrechtsberger and Franz Joseph Aumann,〔p. 556, Anderson (1982) Robert. 123 "Mostly unknown" 1674 ''The Musical Times'' August〕 both composers with whom Haydn later traded manuscripts. The early 19th-century author Albert Christoph Dies, based on Joseph's late-life reminiscences, wrote:〔Albert Christoph Dies, 86〕
The same source indicates that Michael was a brighter student than Joseph, and that (particularly when Joseph had grown enough to have trouble keeping his soprano voice) it was Michael's singing that was the more admired. Shortly after he left the choir school, Michael was appointed Kapellmeister at Großwardein (today Oradea) and later, in 1762, at Salzburg, where he remained for 43 years, during which he wrote over 360 compositions comprising both church and instrumental music. From their mutual sojourn in Salzburg, Haydn was acquainted with Mozart, who held his work in high esteem. On 17 August 1768 he married singer Maria Magdalena Lipp (1745–1827); their only child, a daughter (Aloisia Josepha, born 31 January 1770) died just short of her first birthday, on 27 January 1771. Although Lipp was disliked by the women in Mozart's family for some reason,〔Max Kenyon, ''Mozart in Salzburg: A Study and Guide'' (New York: Putnam, 142)〕 she still created the role of ''Barmherzigkeit'' (() Mercy) in Mozart's first musical play, ''Die Schuldigkeit des ersten Gebots'' ("The Guilt of the First Commandment"), 1767, and later the role of Tamiri in his short pastoral opera ''Il re pastore'' of 1775. Leopold Mozart criticized Haydn's heavy drinking.〔Kenyon, op. cit, 154. "Michael Haydn indeed, according to Leopold, was taking to drink. He was sometimes under its influence at the organ during High Mass ... "〕 In Salzburg Haydn taught young Carl Maria von Weber〔Max Kenyon, op. cit, 197: "In January 1798, Michael Haydn, who had succeeded to one of Leopold Mozart's minor posts, that of teacher to the Cathedral choir boys, found among the new entry a likeable and promising lad of 11 named Carl Maria von Weber.〕 and Anton Diabelli. Michael remained close to Joseph all of his life. Joseph regarded his brother's music highly, to the point of feeling Michael's religious works were superior to his own (possibly for their devotional intimacy, as opposed to Joseph's monumental and majestic more secularized symphonic style).〔Rosen 1997, 366〕 In 1802, when Michael was "offered lucrative and honourable positions" by "both Esterházy and the Grand Duke of Tuscany," he wrote to Joseph in Vienna asking for advice on whether or not to accept any of them, but in the end chose to stay in Salzburg.〔H. C. Robbins Landon, ''The Collected Correspondence and London Notebooks of Joseph Haydn'' (Fair Lawn, NJ: Essential Books, 1959; 214), draft of a letter to Haydn's brother, Johann Michael, in Salzburg using the German familiar second-person "Du" form (Vienna, 22 January 1803).〕 Michael and Maria Magdalena Haydn named their daughter Aloisia Josepha (who was always called Aloisia) not in honor of Michael's brother, but after Josepha Daubrawa von Daubrawaick, who substituted as godmother at the baptism for Countess de Firmian. He died in Salzburg at the age of 68. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Michael Haydn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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